1 10 146 https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/b894304f473feacce7f72ad068cf63d2.png f509693b28d80bf77b730d9c0d188f55 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Image/tif Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3-5/8" x 4-3/4" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource American Smelting And Refining Company Taken from Aksarben Bridge Subject The topic of the resource Factories, Rivers, Smokestacks Description An account of the resource Black-and-white photograph of the American Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO) lead refinery along the Missouri River in Omaha, Nebraska. Captured in the years leading up to the facility’s closure in 1997, the image documents the aging industrial complex that had operated for more than a century and was later identified as the primary source of lead contamination in surrounding neighborhoods. By 1988, growing environmental awareness and community concern over high blood-lead levels in Omaha children prompted early health studies and state-level investigations into the refinery’s emissions. These findings laid the groundwork for broader federal involvement. Following ASARCO’s shutdown in 1997 and demolition planning in the mid-1990s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency began extensive soil testing and cleanup efforts across eastern Omaha, officially designating the area as the Omaha Lead Superfund Site in 2003. Over the next decade, remediation crews excavated and replaced contaminated soil from thousands of residential properties. This photograph stands as a visual marker of the industrial source whose environmental legacy shaped decades of public health policy, community activism, and large-scale remediation from 1988 through 2015. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bostwick, Louis (1868-1943) and Frohardt, Homer (1885-1972) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original Format: 3-5/8" x 4-3/4" black and white film negative Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Durham Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930-1940 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Evan Sherk Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource From the Bostwick-Frohardt Collection, owned by KM3TV and on permanent loan to The Durham Museum. Commercial use or distribution of the image is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. Please contact The Durham Museum for permission to use the digital image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/tif Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BF208-058B; Bostwick-Frohardt Collection, Folio 208, Negative 058B https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/c2d890c4c167401f6305261093c1d6c8.PNG d491a1a3e9f9505e8251b8764eeed263 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EPA Timeline of Omaha Lead Superfund Site Description An account of the resource In the Five Year Review Report for Omaha Lead Superfund Site (Douglas County, Nebraska), prepared by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) there is a Section titled ‘Site Chronology’ which details action steps taken from the 1970s all the way to 2013, right before this document was released. This resource gives a good indication as to the specific steps that were being taken by the EPA to limit further lead exposure and to cleanup the lead in Omaha. The very first event on the timeline is from 1973-1998, which was when the “Douglas County Health Department was first compiling statistics regarding elevated blood lead levels in the Omaha area.” The next event was in 1998 when “Omaha City council requested the EPA’s assistance to address the high incidence of children with blood lead concentrations greater than 10µg/dL.” What is not clear from this timeline is what actions were being taken by the Douglas County Health Department in the 25 year period between 1973-1998 to compile the statistics related to elevated lead levels in Omaha. While this huge gap in time does not reveal anything about what statistics were being compiled or what prompted the investigation, the timeline does establish that there was some known reason that elevated blood lead levels were being investigated as early as 1973. The gap of 25 years that followed until there was official outreach to the EPA for intervention, does seem to indicate a lack of urgency or perhaps just a general slowness that ultimately seems as though it was a small failure to the community. If it is known that lead in a person’s blood at any level is toxic and dangerous, then it seems as though taking 25 years to compile data is far longer than justifiable. The slow start to the process of lead remediation could have been contributed to by how ever-present Asarcowas in Omaha, as the lead smelting plant was the largest in the world. Asarco’s plant had been around since the late 1800s and had been growing steadily, becoming part of Omaha’s identity. It was a huge source of revenue for the city of Omaha. Was this part of the reason that, even though people knew about the harmful effects of lead in the bloodstream, nothing was really done until the late 1990s? Was it the status quo that prevented action from being taken in those 25 years? This timeline put out by the EPA does an effective job in corroborating our stance that early actions in the Omaha Lead superfund were slow and lacking. It seems as though the community’s well-being was not fully taken into account until ASARCO finally shut down in 1997. The effects of lead are still being dealt with today in 2021. If action had been taken sooner, would that not be the case? While it is unknown what earlier intervention could have meant for Omaha and the people living in the affected areas, the timeline does also show how much has been done to help make the lead remediation process in Omaha successful. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource EPA Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Douglas County Superfund 5 year Report Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Chelsea Greenway https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/0bd3f7085b39b3a81b11da088e552a5b.PNG 4ebd4a186a52b8aeddbfa1efdae1c514 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource State Inspects Asarco Slag Disposal Description An account of the resource Three years before Asarco shut down in Omaha, there was an investigation into whether Asarco was properly disposing of their slag. This March 1994 newspaper article shows a glimpse of the tension between Asarco and State Officials and also some of the action leading up to Asarco’s eventual closure. According to the article, slag was a waste byproduct of smelting. They explain that slag contains substances like lead, arsenic, antimony, copper, along with other substances. The improper removal of slag could result in exposing people to hazardous waste, with toxic materials entering soil and water, which would prove dangerous for residents. Slag also turns into almost dust when it is dried and easily drifts into the air. This dust is made up of lead and other materials and as it gets blown onto the streets, it becomes a hazard for people in the area. At the time of the article, the State was looking into Asarco’s slag removal to ensure that it was being done properly. The State’s investigation into Asarco’s slag removal was argued against by employees at Asarco. The plant manager, Gus Paul, claimed that there was no proof that slag was toxic in any way. Asarco’s stance was that they didn’t do anything wrong. Asarco did agree to move the slag and make sure that it was properly disposed of, which was a very costly endeavor. This all came out about a month after a lawsuit was filed against Asarco by the State of Nebraska. The claims made in this suit were directly related to the State’s investigation of the slag disposal, and give a more clear picture as to what the implications of the improper removal of the slag had on Omaha’s residents. The lawsuit specified that the slag contained lead, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cobalt, chlorine, chromium, iron, manganese, titanium, thallium, zinc, and vanadium. It also specified that the slag had contaminated waterways that people frequented for activities including boating, fishing, and swimming, showing that this contaminated water was probably ingested by many unknowing people. The suit also claimed that Asarco did not have the permit they needed for their discharges, which the state insinuates was in order for Asarco to get economic benefits despite the environmental harm. Gus Paul also commented on this saying that, once again, “there is no evidence that the discharge is harmful to aquatic life.” These instances start to show Asarco’s resistance to allowing lead remediation efforts to take full effect. It gives insight into why it might have taken so long and been such a slow process to start these efforts in Omaha. It paints a much clearer picture as to why it was a slow and expensive process to go to Omaha’s root of the lead problem and make corrections. Another article included in this timeframe was a short opinion piece, sharing the perspective of an Asarco employee, expressing that without Asarco he will be out of a steady income. The takeaway from this was that while there might be some environmental harm, some people would prefer that over losing a company that had become a part of the city of Omaha and had provided wages to many people for over a century. To these people, it was not as clear why challenges to Asarco were necessary, as they depended on Asarco for their livelihood. A challenge to Asarco, or essentially action taken to hold Asarco accountable for wrongdoing, seemed to punish far more people than it would help, especially in the immediate aftermath. That could have added to the resistance against the EPA taking control of lead remediation in Omaha and explain why it was such a slow start. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Omaha World Herald Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Omaha World Harold Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Omaha World Harold Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 29th, 1994 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Chelsea Greenway Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Omaha Trek Commemorates Deaths in Civil Rights Cause" Article Description An account of the resource Black citizens of Omaha marched through the business district of North Omaha to commemorate the deaths of civil rights leaders across the country. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ed Rath, Omaha World-Herald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Omaha World-Herald Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 13, 1966 https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/3040ff611214a44e3b76689d8db6f145.pdf 04d438a2de5a7bcab8c86ef966657045 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Superfund in Omaha Description An account of the resource A collection of historical documents illuminating the history and effectiveness of the Superfund Program in the Omaha Lead Site Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Handout from CAG binder for meeting on 01/12/2005. Text Any textual data included in the document This handout from the January 12, 2005 CAG meeting discusses the Douglas County Health Department's and the CAG's plan to increase blood lead level screenings in children in Douglas County and prevent childhood lead poisoning. Specifically, it focuses on their "Sipper Cup" campaign, aimed at educating parents of children ages one to three on the importance of screenings. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Sipper Cup" Campaign from Nebraska Coalition to Eliminate Childhood Lead Poisoning Elimination Plan Description An account of the resource Discusses the Douglas County Health Department's and the CAG's plan to increase blood lead level screenings in children in Douglas County and prevent childhood lead poisoning. Specifically, it focuses on their "Sipper Cup" campaign, aimed at educating parents of children ages one to three on the importance of screenings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States Environmental Protection Agency Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CAG Meeting Binder 01/12/2005 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Omaha Lead Superfund Site Community Advisory Group Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/12/2005 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .pdf https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/3d3b0cbace5316956de8ebd0fc161881.pdf 713912498a5a4a64169ed69bb963073b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1914 Alice Hamilton Report Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alice Hamilton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/818adc439866ff959eb1486e5290aabe.png 3903b77c5713ba82e5860fb2f661070b Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data QGIS file Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 11 x 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1950 Map Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Becca Black Subject The topic of the resource Industrial Lead Description An account of the resource Map of Omaha businesses using lead in 1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived QGIS Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Omeka Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/22/2021 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Becca Black Relation A related resource QGIS Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Still image Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Omaha, NE https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/efdb6ae095de596a8c3e89f39ad6b8e4.png 6ed9d4a804c4641802478902d2cf5f29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data QGIS file Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 11 x 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1960 Map Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Becca Black Subject The topic of the resource Industrial Lead Description An account of the resource Map of Omaha businesses using lead in 1960 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived QGIS Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Omeka Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/22/2021 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Becca Black Relation A related resource QGIS Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Still Image Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Omaha, NE https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/b6fc044529bfd89301dba8effbeb2020.png b6443b730cbfdecc178147428f8a6649 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data QGIS file Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 11 x 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1970 Map Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Becca Black Subject The topic of the resource Industrial Lead Description An account of the resource Map of Omaha businesses using lead in 1970 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived QGIS Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Omeka Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/22/2021 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Becca Black Relation A related resource QGIS Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Still image Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Omaha, NE https://steppingintothemap.com/inequalities/files/original/ca08decd83ac5491ae1d0ed8868c2202.png d589af4ef6c49acfafae318c76784828 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data QGIS file Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 11 x 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1980 Map Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Becca Black Subject The topic of the resource Industrial lead Description An account of the resource Map of Omaha businesses using industrial lead in 1980 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived QGIS Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Omeka Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/22/2021 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Becca Black Relation A related resource QGIS Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Still image Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Omaha, NE